A brain hemorrhage without High Blood Pressure

People who survive a brain hemorrhage, also known as a bleeding stroke, may be at higher risk for another one if they don't control their blood pressure, a new study warns.

"Survivors are at high risk for recurrence and [the findings] support the hypothesis that aggressive blood pressure control may reduce this risk substantially," wrote a team led by Dr. Jonathan Rosand of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.

The findings are published in the Sept. 1 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

While rarer than "blockage" type strokes that involve a clot, bleeding strokes are "the most devastating and least treatable form of stroke," according to Dr. Stephan Mayer, director of neurocritical care at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City.

Mayer, who was not involved in the new study, said that "we have known for decades that untreated high blood pressure,no more Blood Pressure Monitor by side, is the most important cause of bleeding into the brain."

In their research, Rosand's team tracked outcomes for more than 1,100 people who suffered an intracerebral hemorrhage -- a type of stroke in which bleeding occurs directly into the brain.

All of the patients survived at least 90 days. They were followed for up to 37 months and had their blood pressure checked,by Blood Pressure Monitor (เครื่องวัดความดัน ), at three, six, nine and 12 months, and then every six months .

During the follow-up, 146 recurrent bleeding strokes were recorded among the patients.
The rate of a second hemorrhage was higher among those whose blood pressure was not under control, the study showed. In fact, the higher the patient's blood pressure, the greater his or her risk of recurrence, the researchers found.

Another expert agreed that long-term blood pressure control is imperative in preventing a second bleeding stroke.

Randomized clinical trials are needed to assess the benefits and risks of tighter blood pressure control in patients who have survived this type of stroke, they added.

"Survivors of brain bleeds due to high blood pressure must have their blood pressure strictly controlled for the three consecutive years after surviving the cataclysmic event, in order to maximally reduce their odds for a second bleed," said Dr. Gregory Kapinos, a neurointensivist at the Center for Neurocritical Care at North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, N.Y.

He added that this remains true "whether the first bleed was at the edges of the brain, which is more likely to recur and more disabling, or deeper inside the brain."
"Bottom-line is the closer you are to a 90/60 [reading] for your blood pressure after a brain bleed, the better off you are," Kapinos said.

Things you can do to help manage your blood pressure include getting a doctor's check-up at least once every three to six months, eating a low-salt diet, and exercising, he added.

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Humans’ brains become Hybrids

เพิ่มคำอธิบายภาพ

One of the world’s leading inventors and thinkers about the future said our ‘thinking will be a hybrid of biological and non-biological thinking’ in 20 years

Humans will become hybrids by 2030, says leading Google engineer, with tiny robots scurrying around our brain to help us think

In the near future, humans’ brains will be helped out by nanobot implants that will make us into “hybrids”, one of the world’s leading thinkers has claimed.

Ray Kurzweil, an inventor and director of engineering at Google, said that in the 2030s the implants will help us connect to the cloud, allowing us to pull information from the internet. Information will also be able to sent up over those networks, letting us back up our own brains.

"We're going to gradually merge and enhance ourselves," he said, reported CNN. "In my view, that's the nature of being human — we transcend our limitations."

As the cloud that our brains access improves, our thinking would get better and better, Kurzweil said. So while initially we would be a “hybrid of biological and non-biological thinking”, as we moved into the 2040s, most of our thinking will be non-biological.

Kurzweil has been heralded as one of the most accurate and prominent predictors of the future, and addressed some of those forecasts during the talk at a conference in New York.

Of the predictions that Kurzweil has made since the 1990s, an estimated 86 per cent of them are thought to have been correct. But he pointed out that some of those that seem to have been wrong were still yet to come.

He had predicted that self-driving cars would be in use by the end of the last decade, for instance. And while that was wrong, it shows that technology develops along certain directions — meaning that it's not a question of whether certain innovations will arrive, but when.

"Now that's not completely wrong," he said. "If I had said 2015, I think it would've been correct, but they're still not in mainstream use. So even the [predictions] that were wrong were directionally correct."

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How To Rewire Your Brain For Happiness

How To Rewire Your Brain For Happiness

Is happiness something we can cultivate or is it a result of our environment?  New scientific research is shedding light on the answer, and the results are encouraging.

Imagine your brain has all these neural pathways connecting different responses. If you’re stuck in a traffic jam, and you feel angry, that fires a series of neurons together.

The first time you fire the sequence of “Ugh, traffic, I’m angry,” it’s as though you’re walking through a jungle (in your brain), and you bushwhack a path and put a wooden plank across a stream to cross it, creating a rudimentary bridge.

As you continue to have this same response (negative stimulus, like traffic = I’m angry), you strengthen the “angry bridge” across that little stream. Since you’re crossing that bridge so often, you decide to hang some ropes along the side and add more wood to make a stronger hanging bridge. As you keep crossing that same bridge and adding more foot traffic, you continue to reinforce it and make it even stronger. Eventually, you pave the bridge, add guardrails, and the next thing you know, you’ve created a five-lane highway that makes it very easy to have an angry response. In fact, the response is no longer a unique reaction to a unique stimulus, it is a habit.

How To Refresh Your Brain For Happiness

If, instead of feeling angry, you were to instead turn your attention towards joy, compassion, or gratitude, you would start building a bridge that makes it easier to feel those feelings in the future. The single wooden plank you lay down the first time you cultivate appreciation would become reinforced over time until you create a habitual response to feel compassion, gratitude, and appreciation without much conscious effort at all.

As one woman in our recent Mindfulness Based Achievement seminar said, “Vanessa, I feel like I’ve been so stuck in over-identifying with my thoughts and emotions. Every time I think I’m a bad mother, it’s as though I’m on autopilot, I can’t step back to observe that’s just a belief, just a thought that I can change at any time. My response to judge myself is so automatic – it’s like my mind is on the 405 [a five lane highway that runs up and down the coast of California] heading to LA with the belief that I’m a bad mother before I’ve even realized I’m on the freeway!”

Behavior with Happiness

Here’s the good news: with training, scientists have now shown, we can literally rewire the neural pathways that regulate our emotions, thoughts, and reactions.  This means we can create new neural pathways – highways in our brain – that lead us to compassion, gratitude, and joy instead of anxiety, fear, and anger.  We can reprogram our brains’ automatic response, and all it requires is a conscious effort to build new pathways.

Thanks to the advent of fMRI machines (functional magnetic resonance imaging), we can now watch our brains in real time and see which areas of the brain light up when we’re angry, pleased, or distracted. Over the past 20 years, scientists discovered that neural pathways of the brain change over time – the brain is dynamic, not fixed, as everyone previously believed. They named this idea that our brain architecture can change “neuroplasticity.”

As David Gelles shares in his new book Mindful Work, one of the earliest and best-known studies on neuroplasticity looked at London’s taxi drivers. Required to memorize a complete map of London’s serpentine streets, scans showed that the gray matter of the hippocampus – an area associated with memory and spatial awareness – in experienced London cabbies is substantially thicker than that of non-cabbies.

Gelles continues, a “study of violinists revealed that the parts of their brains associated with the motor mechanics of their left hands, used to hold the strings against the violin’s neck, were far more developed than in non-violinists.”

These studies are early examples of the ways our brains adapt and even change according to our behavior. Scientists have a term called “use-dependent cortical reorganization,” which essentially means we strengthen whichever neural pathways we use most often, or as some neuroscientists like to say “neurons that fire together, wire together.”
So how do we do this? How can we start to rewire our brain towards happiness, compassion, and gratitude?

The next time you’re stuck in traffic and notice yourself getting frustrated or angry, see if you can take two or three deep breaths and cultivate compassion for the other drivers. Think about how they are probably exhausted too, and they have family and loved ones they want to get home to as well.

Practicing self-compassion is one powerful way to start building these new pathways in your brain. Another tool is to begin cultivating gratitude – you can do this by journaling  about things you’re grateful for or by simply sharing, out loud, three things you’re grateful for with someone – your partner or friends – at the end of each day.

And, you can start to disrupt the pathways you want to weaken by noticing, in the moment, when you’re having a negative reaction and choosing to take a few deep breaths instead. This practice sounds simple, but in reality, it is not easy.

Meditation is a powerful tool to help cultivate this noticing so that you can choose a new way to react in a given situation. A 2005 Harvard study by Sarah Lazar showed that meditation can change the structure of the brain. Further research shows that just five to ten minutes of meditation a day can make a difference.

The process of rewiring our brains is just that – a process. You are breaking habits and changing beliefs that can be thoroughly entrenched in your mind. The important thing to remember is that it can happen. Better yet, you can do it.  The Power of Positive Thinking.

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